It actually benefits you to play through a couple of times. You learn the quest tree and rewards. You can get both a synthesizer and decomposer as quest rewards. You do need to make a synthesizer or decomposer to complete a different quest though, can't remember which. Also various quests give you everything you need to set up an early cobblestone generator (need ice or water, bucket of lava, transfer node, barrel, and world interaction upgrade). Also other quests give you what you need to make an introductory power system, stirling generator as a reward, energy conduits, decomposer, relocator pipe, barrel, void upgrade, liquid transfer node, world interaction upgrade, speed upgrade, transfer node.
When I say they give you what you need, it is between what you have to make to complete the quest and what you get as the actual quest reward.
Rule of thumb, by the end of the first day, you should have a supply of wood, moon turf, dirt and rock to get you through the night. You should have a small tree farm with a wall around it and lit up enough to prevent mobs from spawning. Spiders will still get over the wall.
By the end of the second day you should have a working cobblestone generator and cobblestone and half slab blast shield over your entire base to protect you from meteors.
By the end of the third day you should have at least a working manual obsidian generator to feed into a decomposer/synthesizer to make gravel. You need to start sieving gravel asap as it has better yield of metal, diamonds than rock and it is how you get gold. Also don't ignore the meteors you sieve. Put them in a crafting grid to turn them into 12 pieces of broken iron ore.