One golem could work on a row of barrels placed with golem access space above them.
For example (assuming no golem upgrades): Chest (stuff to sort) in the middle with 8 barrels in a row "bbbbbbbbCbbbbbbbb", perhaps with a second row of barrels (facing the other side) behind that row to give you a free-standing storage rectangle?
The other options would involve either Factorization's Router, or other transport methods from other mods such as Buildcraft's pipes, Logistics Pipes, Extra Utiliities' Item Transfer Node & Transfer Pipes