Ranged Weapons are their own kind of thing and go here
So, there's three main types of ranged weapons: Shortbows, Longbows, and Crossbows. Each have their strengths and weaknesses. However, material properties work... very differently with ranged weapons, so pretty much completely ignore that whole section when dealing with any of these weapons.
Okay, so there's three main properties of bow limbs that you need to be cognizant of:
Drawspeed: Best I can figure, this is a multiplier on the base draw speed of the ranged weapon.
Bonus Damage: As close as I can tell, this is a flat addition to the damage of the arrow being launched.
Range Multiplier: How far it'll shoot straight before starting to arc.
So let's look at some of the bow limb materials, shall we?
Wood
What can I say? It's a classic bow limb. I use it to get the 'base' stats off of the ranged weapons.
- Drawspeed: 1x
- Bonus Damage: 0
- Range Multiplier: 1
While not your best, it's not actually the worst. Suffice to say, anything mechanically inferior to Wood I won't be bothering to include.
Iron
It'd take a pretty strong arm to pull it, but hey... let's go with it.
- Drawspeed: 2x
- Bonus Damage: 7
- Range Multiplier: 1.5x
As you can see, it can really pack a punch, takes longer to draw, though.
Steel
Spring steel maybe?
- Draw speed: 2.5x
- Bonus Damage: 9
- Range Multiplier: 2x
Highest bonus damage and range multiplier of any material. Draw speed multiplier kinda sucks, though
Electrum
Really?
- Draw Speed: 0.67x!
- Bonus Damage: 4
- Range Multiplier: 1
This is the fastest draw speed multiplier with a positive bonus damage. Durability's gonna suck, though.
Pig Iron
I'm assuming you aren't talking about Tamahagane here...
- Draw Speed: 1.67x
- Bonus Damage: 7
- Range Multiplier: 1.4x
Mechanically superior to Iron for a very relatively heavy hitting bow.
Arrows
There's been a huge revision in how arrows work in Tinker's Construct 2. Now there are only a very few arrow shaft types, and the arrowheads have been rebalanced.
Shafts
The material of the shaft will determine the stack size (durability) of the arrows produced, as well as provide a material property which, in some cases, is VERY different from the one used in other tools and weapons. There's Durability Modifier, which is a multiplier, then there's a flat ammo bonus, which is factored in after the durability modifier is multiplied by the base durability of the arrowhead.
Wood
I suppose we have to start somewhere...
- Durability Modifier: 1.0x
- Bonus Ammo: 0
- Modifier: Ecological - just like with normal tools.
(*) Treated Wood
If wood is good, then treated wood must be better, right? Break out that Coke Oven...
- Durability Modifier: 1.2x
- Bonus Ammo: 0
- Modifier: Ecological - just like with normal tools
More arrows per stack sounds like more better to me!
Bone
Crafted from the bones of your fallen enemies...
- Durability Modifier: 0.9x
- Bonus Ammo: 5
- Modifier: Splitting - Two arrows for the price of one!
Pretty awesome modifier for short-ranged combat.
Blaze Rod
Gives a whole new meaning to the term 'Fire!'
- Durability: 0.8
- Bonus Ammo: 3
- Modifier: Hovering - Basically, it goes further before it starts to arc down
Reeds
Cheap, but plentiful
- Durability: 1.5x
- Bonus Ammo: 20
- Modifier: Breakable - you aren't going to be recovering any arrows that missed
Highest stack size of any of the arrow shafts, but you won't be able to recover misses.
Ice
Ice arrow shafts? Uhh... okay
- Durability: 0.95x
- Bonus Ammo: 0
- Modifier: Freezing - slowness effect on target, multiple hits have a sort-of-stacking effect.
Well, if you want to keep the other guy far away from you, making him slower can help
End Rod
And by End Rods, we mean the actual End Rods found in the dungeons in The End or made with a Blaze Rod and Popped Chorus Fruit, not Endstone shaped into a rod.
- Durability: 0.7x
- Bonus Ammo: 1
- Modifier: Endspeed - Hitscan targeting.
When it absolutely, positively has to hit right where you are aiming.
Arrowheads
The point you try to get across when engaging in a long-distance un-relationship. Also apparently can grant both the properties of the head and the properties of the handle at the same time. Not sure if this is a bug or not. Damage and durability numbers seem to match up nicely with the chart above for the 'head' category, so we won't be covering that again. Thankfully.
Fletching
Not much variance, actually. This will affect stack size and accuracy. And by accuracy, I mean 'spread'.
Feather
A classic material
- Durability modifier: 1x
- Accuracy: 100%
Most accurate fletching.
Slimeleaf
Yea, this'll work... trust me.
- Durability modifier: 1.25x
- Accuracy: 80%
Bigger stack size, but not as accurate. These numbers are identical for all colors of slimeleaf.
Leaf
O...kay?
- Durability Modifier: 1.5x
- Accuracy: 50%
So arrows fletched with leaves aren't very accurate. Who knew?
Examples:
This seems familiar...: Flint arrowhead, wooden shaft, feather fletching. Creates arrows with Damage of 5.9, with Crude III and Ecological properties, Accuracy of 100%, but a stack size of only 15
A better arrow: Steel arrowhead, treated wood shaft, feather fletching. Damage of 9, stack size 64, Accuracy 100%, Ecological, Sharp, and Stiff properties. Swapping out the steel arrowhead for a Magma Slime one increases Damage to 10 and Ammo to 72, plus gives it Superheated and Flammable properties instead of Sharp and Stiff. Giving it a Many head gives it a damage of 11.72 and a stack size of 98, plus gives it the Insatiable and
Instigating Cold-Blood traits
Swapping the treated wood shaft for a bone shaft generally reduces stack size somewhat, but the splitting property makes for a powerful force multiplier. Steel heads have a stack size of 53, Magma Slime has a stack size of 59, and Many heads have a stack size of 78.
Using an End Rod shaft reduces durability still further. Steel heads drop stack size down to 38, Magma Slime heads stack size goes down to 43, and Many stack size down to 58. But hey, hitscan projectiles. You shouldn't be missing with these.
Bolts
Bolts are like arrows, only you have to pour the material for the 'head' over the arrow shaft on a casting table. So the only materials you can make bolts out of are the previously mentioned arrow shafts, and things that melt in the smeltery, mostly metals. Then you put fletching, as described above, onto it.
Oh, because you make a bolt by pouring the head material over the arrow shaft on the casting table, you can't simply replace tool rod or head materials like you can with arrows. Bolts also apparently only get the Head material trait, not both Head and Handle like arrowheads do (again, not sure if this is a bug or intended), so the same materials come out slightly differently. For all of these experiments, I use feather fletching.
Treated Wood shaft + steel: Ammo: 51, Damage: 7
Treated Wood shaft + Many: Ammo: 78, Damage: 9.72
Bone shaft + Steel head: Ammo: 42, Damage 7
Bone Shaft + Many head: Ammo: 63, Damage: 9.72
End Rod shaft + Steel head: Ammo: 31, Damage 7
End Rod shaft + Many head: Ammo: 46, Damage 9.72
Bows
Now let's put it together and build some bows and shoot some arrows with them!
Short Bow
Can be made right out of the gate, but while it is relatively rapid-firing, it has trouble competing with the vanilla bow for damage. It takes two Limbs and a Bowstring. Since all bowstrings (including Hemp) have the same stats, I'm going to ignore them in favor of the bow limbs.
2x Wooden Bow Limbs
- Durability: 35
- Draw Speed: 0.6
- Range Multiplier: 1.0
- Bonus Damage: 0
While rapid firing, it would require Magma Slime arrowheads to match the vanilla bow's damage output. Also seems very fragile
2x Iron Bow Limbs
- Durability: 204
- Draw Speed: 1.2
- Range Multiplier: 1.5
- Bonus Damage: 7
Much more durable than wood, marginally slower than the vanilla bow, but you can hit 17 damage with this and magma slime tipped arrows. Possibly more with sharpened arrowheads (which still get three modifiers)
2x Pig Iron limbs
- Durability: 380
- Draw Speed: 1.0
- Range Multiplier: 1.4
- Bonus Damage: 7
While an unusual alloy to say the least, it has exactly the same draw speed as a vanilla bow, and depending on your arrows, it can hit harder.
2x Electrum Limbs
- Durability: 50
- Draw Speed: 0.4
- Range Multiplier: 1
- Bonus Damage: 4
Fastest firing bow you'll ever find. Pew-Pew.
Longbow
The Short Bow's bigger brother. Little bit slower on the draw, lot more punch. Requires 2x Bow Limbs, 1x Large Plate, and 1x Bowstring. Plate counts as 'Extra' for modifier and durability purposes. Again, going to ignore the bowstring since it has no mechanical impact.
Now, the very interesting thing is I made a wooden Longbow with paper plate, and shot a flint-tipped arrow. I would normally assume that it would do around 6 damage. However, when I shot a horse, it did 13 damage. So the Longbow has some sort of damage multiplier built into it. The draw speed, however, was 1.5 for double-wood, which means it takes longer to draw.
When I swapped both limbs out for Electrum, which has a +4 damage for the bow limb, it did a total of 20 damage! That means it took the base 6, plus 4 for 10, THEN doubled it. Very interesting...
This means that with a Magma Slime tipped arrow, and an Electrum bow, it should be doing (10+4=14*2=) 28 damage? Wow. That's pretty strong.
Now let's try a crossbow out.
Basic no-frills crossbow with a wooden bow limb, wooden tough rod, paper tough binding, and bowstring has a draw speed of 2.25. So right off the bat, this thing is obviously going to be slower than a Longbow. We can use a Cobalt tough rod to drop that down to 1.86 without changing the damage modifier. Let's see how this works.
Firing a steel-tipped bolt at a horse resulted in a damage of 13, despite the bolt having a listed damage of 7. So like the longbow, roughly double.
Swapping out the wooden bow limb for an Electrum one resulted in something interesting. The draw speed went down to 1.24 as expected, but the damage modifier, instead of 4, is 6. Swapping out an Iron limb shows a draw speed of 3.72 but a damage modifier of 10.5 instead of 7. So not only is the damage doubled, but the bonus damage is increased by 50%.
Right, but we've got modifiers to play with. Let's start doing that.
Now, since modifiers on the bow don't really affect the damage you deal with them, you've got a couple of options. Electrum-limbed weapons are notoriously low durability. But if we Emboss with a paper limb, we get the Writing 2 property! Now we're talkin' baby.
So, the Crossbow. Since the limb embossment gives us Writing 2, we can put Cobalt Tough Binding on, to further drop the draw speed, and retain the 5x modifiers. That drops the base down to 1.69 with wooden limb. With an Electrum limb, that nets a draw speed of 1.13. Now, the durability is 415 because of the Cobalt parts, so we can actually afford some redstone on this baby. With 5x redstone modifiers, the draw speed goes all the way down to 0.75 with an Electrum limb.
If we toss on an Iron bow limb with 5x redstone modifiers and Cobalt Tough Binding and Tough Tool Rod, we get a draw speed of 2.25 and a Bonus Damage of 10.5. Pig Iron drops it down to 1.88 for the same bonus damage. Steel limb unfortunately goes all the way up to 2.82, even with two Cobalt parts and 5x Redstone modifiers, but does have a damage bonus of 13.5.
We can do the same thing with the Longbow, swapping out the paper large plate for a Cobalt Plate, and embossing with a paper limb. With two Electrum bow limbs, this nets us a durability of 490, which really isn't that bad. So let's redstone this bad boy up. With 5x Redstone modifiers, we can reach a draw speed of 0.61. We can replace one of the electrum limbs with Steel, which puts the draw speed back up to 0.96 but brings the bonus damage up to 6.5.
So with either the Crossbow or the Longbow, you can reliably hit 20 damage with a draw speed under 1. And that's without Sharpness on the ammunition.