The path to getting the "top" tier of Tinker Construct tools, coincides with that of any tech players usual progression.
What's fun is that these tools are 100% customizable. Building your tools requires that you cast/build parts and then combine them to form the tool. Thus certain metals/alloys/materials give different bonuses. In addition, you can apply modifiers to your completed tool to give extra effects.
There is a side mod called TiCTweeks, which actually allow you to level your item as you use them, gaining slots for extra modifiers, and gaining random modifiers. These include efficiency, fortune, silk touch, auto-smelt, increased durability, etc. etc.
Also, instead of building new tools, you can cast new parts for your existing tools and replace certain parts on the tool, allowing you fully customize your tools as you progress.