Tinker's Construct parts and how they affect the final tool

[Barsik_The_CaT]

I'm somewhat new to Tinker's Construct and I can't find any info on how do different parts affect the final tool, so I'm gonna ask here:
Does tool binding or guard affect the stats of the tool or it only applies the trait of the material you use?
Does javelin have the same draw speed and throw distance no matter what material you use? If so, the only thing I can change is damage and ammo capacity and should go for the toughest material (mannyulyn in vanilla TiC) for both arrow head and tough tool rod, am I correct?

 

[Photoloss]

Materials, Tools and Weapons. Not entirely up to date and missing ExtraTiC, but it's a good start.
The Full Guard affects final durability, other guards only pass on traits (but may contribute to durability via Reinforced etc.); regular Tool Bindings don't influence durability and Tough Bindings vary (for example I believe they do matter for the crossbow). Generally you can ignore the exact durability by sticking a flux capacitor onto the tool, RF is cheap. Note however that Large Plates contribute to mining speed, attack damage and durability like the "main" tool part does, so don't go cheap on those.
No idea on the javelin, but I would assume draw speed remains the same while throw distance might scale with the "weight" parameter (viewable on arrowheads at least). "Best" depends on what you're trying to do, for max damage you probably want a Manyullin/Enderium head and paper/thaumium/magical wood for the rest, to use modifiers on quartz.
You can also test everything in a creative world, including swapping one part for several materials when first assembling the tool to compare the final stats.