The problem with conductive pipes is that they are lossy buffers. Let me explain:
A Buildcraft engine does not output power constantly. It outputs whatever power it generated in one big pulse on every "stroke" of the engine (the moment when the piston reaches the very front). A combustion engine running on fuel, for example, generates 6 MJ/t but strokes only once per 24 ticks (if heated up to green). So on each stroke dumps 6 * 24 = 144 MJ into the connected wooden conductive pipe in an instant. That power then gets distributed by the conductive pipes over time - the transfer isn't instant. This is especially because most Buildcraft power compatible machines have an upper limit of how much energy they can consume per tick.
Let's take a pump: it can accept at most 1 MJ/t. So if you attach the combustion engine directly, it will dump 144 MJ on each stroke but the pump will only consume 1 MJ of that, wasting the remaining 143. If you use conductive pipes, though, the pipe will make sure that the power output by the engine is present for longer than a single tick - it buffers the power and allows the pump to keep drawing 1 MJ/t for many ticks in a row.
But if the pump needs 144 ticks to consume the entire output from one engine stroke, and the engine strokes once per 24 ticks, doesn't that result in far more power coming in than the pump can consume? And where does all that power go? The answer is: it vanishes into thin air. The buffering the pipe does is increadibly lossy - the longer the target machine takes to consume a pulse of energy, the more of that pulse simply goes to waste. The effect is so drastic that it even shows up when measuring in a situation where the target machine can consume far more power per tick than the engine produces. Compared to the buffer losses, distance-based losses are completely negligible.
Here's how you can test this:
Take four redstone energy cells and four magmatic engines. Connect one magmatic engine to each cell; for two, use two energy conduits each, and for the other two, use a wooden and a golden conductive pipe each.
Code:
[cell 1] - [golden pipe] - [wooden pipe] - [engine]
[cell 2] - [golden pipe] - [wooden pipe] - [engine]
[cell 3] - [conduit] - [conduit] - [engine]
[cell 4] - [conduit] - [conduit] - [engine]
Set cells 1 and 3 to accept 100 MJ/t (the maximum possible; might be 125 MJ/t in FTB's current version of Thermal Expansion). Set cells 2 and 4 to to accept 4 MJ/t (the exact output of the magmatic engines).
Now feed each magmatic engine one bucket of lava. The expected end result in the energy cells is 18,000 MJ.
You will notice the following pattern: Cells 3 and 4 will be at 17,999 to 18,000 MJ. Cell 1 will be slightly less. Cell 2 will be significantly less.
Other advantages of conduits:
- They work as a 1,000 MJ battery, per conduit. A length of 10 conduits will store 10,000 MJ. The charge will dissipate over time, but incredibly slowly - it will take over an hour to lose half its charge if it was full. This feature is useful when your engine outputs more power than your machines consume before you switch it off / it runs out of fuel. All energy pumped towards idle machines connected via conductive pipes goes to waste, but with conduits you can come back to your machines next time and use several thousand MJ worth of buffered power without even turning on your engine. You can see this effect best on machines that have a power storage UI, such as TE's machines.
- Conduits make TE machines and TE engines aware of each other. If you have a magmatic engine (4 MJ/t) connected to a powered furnace (2 MJ/t) via conduits, then that magmatic engine will be able to see if the powered furnace is actually requiring power or not, even without using Buildcraft gates. The magmatic engine will then run at the speed it needs to - if the powered furnace is the only power consumer, the magmatic engine will run at 50% output to preserve fuel. And after the furnace has finished, it will throttle down to a minimum of 10% (0.4 MJ/t) to be even more frugal.
- Conduits are loop agnostic. If you take conductive pipes and build them into even a single loop anywhere in the network, they will start wasting nearly all the entire network's power while creating enormous lag at the same time. Conduits don't care, they work the same in all cases.
- No hassle making two sets of pipes (wooden and golden). Just conduits.
Disadvantages of conduits are, of course:
- They cost a bit more than pipes
- They require infrastructure set up before you can make them
- They don't have that pretty floating blue energy line graphic
- They can't use Buildcraft logic gates, which is probably the one big drawback