Basically, only one type of essentia can flow through a pipe at a time, and the order that the flow occurs happens based on certain suction values determined by the type of piping and jars. The Essentia Resonantor (which should be unlocked for free as part of the Essentia Tubes research) can give further details of what's going on in an individual pipe.
There are some ways to handle very complex systems of essentia piping, but if you want a general-purpose alembic sorting to twenty to fifty jars, golems are probably a better choice. Essentia Tubes do still excel for automating small-scale setups, such as a Farm -> Herbia loop, but you'll want to label each alembic if you do so.